Bloom’s Taxonomy of Education Essay

Benjamin Bloom developed Bloom’s Taxonomy in 1956. It identifies three domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor; utilized to evaluate knowledge adapted by the learner. Each domain has categories that measure the level of the learners understanding. This paper gives a brief overview of each domain and explains how Bloom’s taxonomy applies to education and its use in nursing education. Blooms Taxonomy is a classification of learning objectives divided into three categories. The first category is cognitive. The skills in cognitive involve knowledge, comprehension, critical thinking, and mental skills. In nursing education this category is assessed with the patient in exhibiting memory of previously learned material. For example, evaluating the patient with diabetes with a question, such as what are the health benefits of eating a low sugar diet and daily exercise to control blood sugar. The second category is Affective. The skills in affective revolves around receiving, responding, valuing, organizing, and internalizing the information given to them. In nursing education this category the learners should be expected to be attentive to and be aware of learning, they listen with respect and remember the new information. Learners may experience acceptance or become committed to new information, learners also organize their values with prioritization. The learner should actively participate in learning. For example, asking questions and participates in discussion. Another example in the affective domain; how the diabetic deals with the fact that they have a disease that will need to be closely monitored for the rest of their life. The nurse will need to assess the alertness of the diabetic. Is the diabetic ready to listen to information about the disease and how to manage it? The third category is psychomotor. The skills in psychomotor domain are imitation, manipulation, precision, articulation, and naturalization. In nursing  education in this category the learner is expected to use sensory clues to imitate motor activity, follow instructions and practice after receiving information, the learner should be able to work unsupervised. The learner becomes more exacting in the process; they are able to do something correctly. The learners’ skills are developed and can modify actions to fit changes. The learner has a high level of routine skills without thinking too much about it. For example, the learner is able to detect the proper site for finger stick blood sugar testing, is able to withdraw an accurate dose of insulin with a syringe from a multi-dose vial, and is able to adjust glucose dosage to restore safe blood sugar level. In conclusion, many students are not taught to use critical thinking in contrast Blooms Taxonomy helps students including registered nurses to use higher level of thinking to improve learning. As registered nurses, we are life-long educators to our patients; in order to have success in our teaching we must utilize Blooms Taxonomy to assess our patient knowledge on what they are being taught. Reference Bloom’s Taxonomy of learning domains. Retrieved from http://www.nwlink.com

Social Protest Essay

The kid was taller and more built, Michael could have easily punched the officer one time and that one time could have sent the officer flying. Tamari was a 12 year old boy who was shot in a span of 1 HTH 0 2 seconds by a police officer. The reason? Tamari was complained by a fellow neighbor Of him owning a pellet gun. A pellet gun is not harmful and can be purchased for 20 dollars. All of the SE are different stories of how young black guys were shot and killed, but yet all tie up into on e big thing. They were treated unfairly and racial profiling was probably used.Racial profiling is a main problem in Minnesota because it contravenes the 14 the amendment, distracts law enforcement, and it prevents communities from w irking with the law enforcement. This problem could be resolved if the police force can recruit be utter police officers who are well taught about racial identity. All 2 My first reason on why racial profiling is a main problem in Minnesota is that t contravenes the 14 th amendment. The 14th amendment was ratified in July 9, 1868 , and it states that no state may â€Å"deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection o the laws. Racial profiling means a standard of unequal protection. Blacks and even LATA no's are most likely to be searched by police officers and are less likely to be treated as libidinal g citizens, but this is opposite for the whites. Blacks are treated unfairly for no apparent reason. This is unfair for Blacks and Latino because this problem causes internal segregation between n them and the police officers. My second reason on why racial profiling is a main problem in Minnesota is the at it distracts law enforcement. The law enforcement are generally seen as responseSiebel people who protect citizens from criminals, but what I have noticed in the past few years I n the current society is that police officers are being charged of â€Å"racial profiling' due to their today police work. If the police officers hav e â€Å"too many† law enforcement interaction ins with minorities, it shows that the police officers are not going where the crime is, but because they are racist. What I mean when I say â€Å"too many' is that officers keep arresting people with color for small petty things. Blacks are being harassed for no apparent reason. Ay that the police force are racist because they don't think before they do.P Alice officers judge minorities who are usually Africanizing. Mr.. Chris referring to a story that Rage once told him said, † Rage was walking down the street with his broth err one day when a police officer told them why are you walking down the street? † This was very r assist of the police officer because first of all he kept harassing them. The police officer jumped I not conclusions and thought they were just kids that were up to no good. He didn't even realize e that up ahead All 3 there mom was on the same street. She was a bit faster than her own sons w ho w ere being slow. Knot know why the police officer had a problem with this. Do they not have s errors crime work to do? In their spare time why can't they stop doing absurd things? Did the pool ice officer not realize it was broad daylight? The sad part of this was that Rage and his broth her were heading to their uncle's funeral and they had to come across a foolish police. My third and final reason on why racial profiling is a main problem in Imines tot is that it prevents communities from working with law enforcement. If a specific race is arrested instantly, then communities may not work with police officers.Why should t hey work with police officers if even the police officers themselves are the one who are judge Eng them? An example of this is the incident that happened in North Minneapolis last Mont h. A young black resident of North Minneapolis was out and about in his community and was k knocking on doors to encourage his fellow neighbors to vote for this year's election. The young bal ace man did this because he didn't have the opportunity to vote because of his past criminal AC divinities, but the young black man was changing for the better. Mayor Hodges and the young b lack man took a selfish together of them pointing at each other.A TV report misguided the info urination and blurred the black man's face and this he was wearing. The police officers we re angry at Hodges because apparently she was â€Å"flashing' a North gang sign. This shows t hat the police officers and the TV reporters were racial profiling because they were racist. The eye jumped into conclusions and didn't see what good the young black man was doing for his community. So in conclusion, racial profiling is a main problem in Minnesota because it co intervenes he 14th amendment, distracts law enforcement, and it prevents communities s from working with the law enforcement.The problem could be resolved if the the police officers are taught that Alai racial profiling is wrong. Police officers should have a sense that they are not n control. They can't overpass the law. When a police officer is being recruited he should have lessons taught to him. In every 3 months the officer is inspected on his performance. Also police e officers should first see what the problem is and not just conclude things. To stop all deaths police officers must wear cameras on them. The cameras must be on all time, so that if a black GU y is shot we can have evidence on what happened.

Beauty Contest: Do they serve any purpose in society? Essay

A. Beauty contest almost xxxx refers to contest for women xxxx is usually for both genders; however for men are are mainly body building contest. Most contest are designed for women. Beauty contest compels especially women to conform to certain type of fantasy or unrealistic form of beauty. B. This topic is important because beauty contest affect women of all ages around the world on so many levels. It affects how women perceive themselves against other women. Most of all it affects women self confident and self-esteem and how beauty is defined in general. C. Beauty contest or pageants have been in existence since 1857 but became popular in 1920’s. The first beauty pageant was in 1854 but was protested against so much that the contest had to be put on hold for a while. In 1888 , the first ever beauty queen was crowned in Spa-Belgium in 192. The 16 year old Margaret Gorman was crowned as the first Miss America. Since then many countries have followed; especially Germany and USA. D. Beauty contest is a competition which mainly focuses on physical beauty the participants usually women are judged on their attractiveness with a prize and often a title awarded to the winner. E. There has always been divided opinions when it comes to the topic of beauty contest and how important it is. There have been argument for and against the purposes of beauty contest in society especially today. In my opinion beauty contest does not serve any purpose in our society today. Beauty content were first introduced in the USA in 1854 and was put on hold due to the intense criticizes made by the general public. The very first beauty queen crowned ever was crowned in Spa in Belgium in 1888 followed by many countries especially Germany and USA. 16 years old Margaret Gorman was the first Miss America crowned in 1921. In 1922 and 1923 one person xxx after which the rules changed so no one person can win the title more than ones. Originally Miss America was called the National Beauty Tournament and  then the organizers decided to call it Miss America as presently known. When the Miss America pageant started as a way to improve tourism on the New Jersey coast in Atlanta City. At the first beauty pageant contestants were asked to send pictures from which 21 were selected to appear before a panel of judges. Currently there are four main big international pageants; Miss World founded in 1951, Miss Universe founded in 1952, Miss International in 1960 and Miss Earth in 2001. In 2004 Brazil won all four beauty pageants. The purpose of beauty pageant in society has always been a controversial topic because women from all over the world are judged by the same standard of beauty present by these pageants. There is the argument that beauty pageants promotes women empowerment because part of the goal of the organizers of Miss America was to empower young women to achieve their personal goals while providing a forum in which to express their opinion, talent and intelligence. This may be true to some extend ; afterall there is xxxx. Where contestants are required to enter with a platform a course to advocate during their one yearlong reign. Time to persue her own cause is limited at best-per Amanda Angelotti in confessions of a â€Å"beauty pageant drop out† published in campus progress. Secondly, how it’s looking good and attractive for men whether through beauty pageant or cosmetic surgery real empowerment. Moreover as observed by Prof. Stoeltyle â€Å"that is to say that women should continue to be seductive and to be governed by the powers. In view of all the above reasons, beauty pageants obviously does more harm than good to the women and the society as a whole. Women need to learn the true meaning of beauty that their unique personality and inner beauty is what makes a phenomenal woman. Women need to be educated and to understand that it is not acceptable to be judged by other people’s perspective; being beauty or otherwise. Courtney E. Martine author of â€Å"Perfect Girls† starring daughters describe how the quest of perfection is having young women. â€Å"Beauty pageants must die..!. I would rather live in a world where those same girls don’t have to learn hours to walk in high heels to afford college. Lately there has been a tremendous increase in child beauty pageant and the age keep dropping. Putting the same kind of pressure on being evaluated solely on the looks on children who don’t even understand the make of their bodies yet. If the harmful results of beauty pageants are not highlited enough and women are educated to accept themselves just as they are more and more women both young and old will continue to search for this unatainable ideal beauty which is only a fantasy resulting in more young women suffering from various dietry disorders and more. The buttom line is that, â€Å"beauty is an organic process not a contest. Women deserves better says Courtney E. Martin; in her article to New York Times â€Å"Beauty Pageant Should Die†.

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

International Business - Essay Example The porter diamond factors of competitive advantages of a nation include; the government, factor conditions, port competition, related and supporting industry as well as the demand conditions that should be applied in all organizations so as to have high competitive advantages over their competitors. However, the framework may not be applied in most organization as it does not incorporate the multinational activities. The introduction of the generalized double diamond model has led to the significant changes within the organization. This framework takes into consideration the multinational activities whereas the porters’ original diamond model takes into account the traditional home-based activities. In addition the porter’s diamond framework makes an explicit connection between the geographical and the international industries therefore the industries can easily access raw materials for their company and can also market their products where they can get market for their produce. Companies gain competitive advantages through getting involved in the innovative processes within their organizations. The approaches of innovation involve use of the latest technology and gaining knowledge on how to carry out the activities of an organization effectively. The innovation processes are manifested through using new product designs, new production processes, having marketing approaches as well as conducting training campaigns within the organizations. The Porter Diamond framework was initiated by Michael Porter and is used in determining the competitive advantages of a country or a region. According to porter 1990, it states that the competitive advantage of a country is created and sustained by going through a highly localized process. However, the diamond framework determinants of countries or regions do not necessarily contribute to the success of a country. Porter analyzed the factors that

Case Study - Recruiting Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Study - Recruiting Manager - Essay Example With this radar technology, establishing a new subsidiary in Israel would be a big boost for Israel during its conflicts with the Arab states. Question one Following the new idea of establishing a new subsidiary in Israel, the CEO, Paul Lizfeld directed John Corners, the vice president of human resource in the United States and Francis O’Leary the vice president of human resource in the UK to find the best candidate for the new subsidiary in Israel (Roof and Bakhtari 136). Given the fact that the new subsidiary in Israel need to thrive just like in other areas, it poses a great challenge for both Corners and O’Leary to come up with a candidate who will oversee development and growth of the new subsidiary in Israel. Additionally, it would also be important for the two vice presidents to take in to account qualities that would fit the general manager’s ability to work in Israel. The major challenge for the two vice presidents will be finding the correct person for the job (Roof and Bakhtari 136). In order to facilitate business operations in Israel, the general manager should have Hebrew language knowledge. Given the fact that the general manager in Israel will be the representative of the BRB, it would be important to select a candidate who is culturally sensitive & diplomatic. It would also be a challenge to get a candidate who will be comfortable working in a country full of unrests. In this regard, it would be vital to select a candidate with a strong sense of politics. This will be of importance because the manager will be in a position to balance both politics and business. Moreover, somebody with a sense of politics will be in a position to conduct sensitive transactions with the Israel government (Roof and Bakhtari 137). The other challenge is that the vice presidents have to put in mind the standards of the general manager for the new subsidiary because he or she will be accountable for all transactions on behave of BRB. In other wor ds, having an incompetent general manager poses a great risk of the vice presidents loosing their jobs (Roof and Bakhtari 138). They are directly answerable to the CEO. It is also a challenge to the two vice presidents to come up with the right general manager given that they are supposed to conduct the search for the best candidate separately. Each would have his own criteria of choosing the candidate and it would be challenging to decide whose candidate is the best. However, the underlying principle is to come up with a candidate who would be in a position to manage and control BRB’s operations in Israel. Question two Of all the criteria the two vice presidents have to use in selecting the right person to head operations in the new subsidiary in Israel, they have to ensure that their criterion is in line with Lizfeld’s strong micromanagement style which emphasized on cost control (Roof and Bakhtari 136). According to Conners recruitment criteria, the general manager must work with Israel government both in direct capacity and in direct capacity (Roof and Bakhtari 137). According to him, the general manager must be in a position to conduct sensitive transactions with the Israel government. Due to the ongoing unrests in Israel, Conners decided to recruit somebody with extraordinary patience. He also thought of having a candidate with technical skills, a strong sense of politics, organizational ability, and cultural empathy (Roof and Bakhtar

Myths are pseudoscience theories that are false claims Essay

Myths are pseudoscience theories that are false claims - Essay Example Dryden, & Still continue to argue that pseudoscience is much more characterized by use of sources in the wrong way, inadequate application of logic as well as observations (151). In this case, therefore, the explanations made are neither valid nor scientific, since the conclusions made are out of assumptions as opposed to science Popper (3). Allhoff argues that science and facts must rely on facts (4). In relation to the myths, one would, in this case argue that myths are false claims from the fact that the sources that these myths are based on are not credible, but are simply based on hearsays of the authors. For instance, one cannot prove that all children born on Fridays are lucky since there are many children who are very unlucky. Myths can also be disguised as fallacial since they are simply based on observations that are not experimented. Lakatos, Feyerabend & Motterlini (30) and Lakatos (21) indicate that scientific experiments are scientific must have tested hypotheses, and results that can be proven and tested. For instance, can we prove that all skinny persons are unhealthy as the assumption goes? It is, therefore, validated to argue that myths, at most times do not have logical and sound arguments. With false conclusions made, it is obvious that a lot of errors were made while making inferences. Validity and sound arguments, according to Allhoff, Alspector-Kelly & McGrew are an aspect of scientific method (515). In the work of Lakatos, astrology can be described as pseudoscience form the fact that it is not consistent as science facts should be (26). As a myth, astrology is untrue. Just like the ancestors believed in myths, they did not focus on evidence just like in the case of astrology. Lack of verifiable principles disqualifies these myths. Astrology according to Lakatos cannot be falsified since the entire concept does not rely on repeatable tests (26). With astrological claims being stated negatively, the results would,

Branding for the UK Youth Market Research Proposal

Branding for the UK Youth Market - Research Proposal Example A degree of understanding with regard to their broad interests in relation to how they spend their money will also need to be appreciated. In particular whether there is a holistic group product awareness and market for brands like Nike or Sprite etc. Within this research framework questions relating to how the prevention of product consumerism like tobacco and alcohol work effectively or whether campaigns for drink and smoking awareness prove ineffective for most young people. This should conclude whether current marketing is acting responsibly, towards the needs of young people as well as what the real motivators and trends of the average young person are where branding is concerned. This will provide a comprehensive definition of what is meant by branding and outline the general position of the current youth market in comparison to fifty years ago. This section will provide an overview and a context for the chapters ahead. The literature review will demonstrate the types of sources that were utilised for the purposes of researching and demonstrating the findings presented within the dissertation. This will include a comprehensive analysis of all the key references that have been used to argue the points under discussion within this thesis. As a means of setting the context withi... issertation will use a variety of resources including text books, research papers, journals, relevant articles and web resources in order to support the arguments for discussion. Total length for the Literature Review should represent 25% of the dissertation As a means of setting the context within which a changing market has evolved and is still developing Bill Osgerby's innovative Youth Media. This text explores Youth culture and the media, the 'Fab Phenomenon', representations, responses and effects of the media on young people. It also focuses on lifestyle, culture and identity. The Journal of Consumer Behaviour offers a number of useful and relevant volumes that provide primary research findings, including Uncovering the links between brand choice and personal values among young British and Spanish girls by Anne Dibley and Susan Baker. Their paper presents empirical research relating to specific areas of branding, including how snack brands can satisfy particular young female values amongst 11-12 year-old British and Spanish consumers. Links between brand choice and personal values amongst the young are analysed and proved legitimate; particularly in relation to associations with fun, excitement and friendship. The Art of Digital Branding By Ian Cocoran, is a very up to date text discussing the art of digital branding for the benefit of contemporary audiences. It looks at how different colour schemes, site maps and menu formats can work effectively at engaging with different people to satisfy different needs and comments on the challenges of the changing morals of youth. Similarly Matt Haig looks at the phenomena of modern methods of marketing to the young in Mobile Marketing: The Message Revolution Which essentially discusses the powerful and direct method

Plastic materials Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Plastic materials - Essay Example By using Autodesk Moldflow Insight software, the user is able to add packing filling and phases of the injection moulding process. This allows for a greater ability to forecast the melted plastic flow model at a higher manufacturing quality than usual. This ability will also allow engineers to help enhance gate locations, systems of balance runner, process assessment, and part defect correction with more preciseness. Mould manufacturers greatly benefit from the ability of the software to simulate effects of non-uniform mould temperatures, better assess adjusted valve-gate timing categorizations and the hot versus cold runner flow system associations. All of these can be achieved along with the spread simulation competencies of selective models. These can now go beyond ordinary thermoplastic injection moulding to state moulding procedures. Procedures which require gas aided co-injection, and injection compression. Another advantage of using Autodesk Moldflow Insight software is that it offers a constant monitoring of inventors, mould makers, and engineers whose work in a simulation set up and consequences allow the program to better understand the required performance of the moulded plastic material. The program comes to better understand and depict the alterations to geometry, material, mould designs, wall width, and circumstances that affect plastic manufacturability. This means that â€Å"what-if† situations in design problems. are most likely real problems that the software already knows how to handle when it comes to design confirmation.

In The Name of Identity by Amin Maalouf Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In The Name of Identity by Amin Maalouf - Essay Example Humans cling to their identities through habits that are inherited through generations. It is necessary to accept all identities and identify personal individuality for a better society. Â  The book presents an interesting philosophy towards ethnic forms of identity. The roots of passion and hate are commonly based on such identities and inclinations, and this is mostly unsafe behavior. Such behaviors can be easily forgotten if they are examined closely. However, Maalouf does not believe that all is lost and that there is still faith in humanity if only cultural and religious bearings are given a philosophical thought. Through his argument, it is evident that globalization has both good and negative effects, depending on the form of identity one assumes. For instance, Muslims wage holy war based on their religious inclination. Instead of seeing terrorism as something bad, it is categorized as jihad. Â  People may change their beliefs, and can even change their religion entirely. Malouf is introduced as an Arabic-speaking Lebanese Christian who dwells in France. Greek and Roman philosophy provides the basis for most forms of religion. These philosophies are what have guided the thoughts that most religious inclinations present. However, globalization gradually introduced the diversity and multiculturalism that is seen in the present societal context. Â  Living in other regions far from home presents an identity dilemma that most people cannot handle. This is especially true in cases where the person is not familiar with the local language. A Muslim living in America may see oneself as more of American than an Arab. While identity cannot be grouped, it always brings some form of confusion, especially if there are questions asked. This happens on a national and international scale to most foreigners. In addition, they may be labeled based on the stereotypes people have of such identities. Â  

Girl Scout Essay Example for Free

Girl Scout Essay Juliette Gordon Low or Daisy was the founder of Girl Scouts, with the help of Sir Robert Baden-Powell, the founder of the Boy Scouts of America. Baden-Powell had learned that girls wanted to join the scouts, but he was too busy with running the Boy Scouts. He asked Low if she would like to be part of the Girl Guides movement, forming the first group of Girl Guides in Scotland in 1911. In 1912 Low returned to the United States, forming a group in Savannah, Georgia in 1912. In 1915, the Girl Guides became the Girl Scouts and Low became the first president. She stayed active until the time of her death. Her birthday, October 31, is celebrated by the Girl Scouts as Founders Day. Robert Baden-Powell Low was lived in Scotland when she met Sir Robert Baden-Powell at a party, where Low entertained him with stories of travel.[1] Upon further conversation, they learned that they shared a love of sculpting; Low had sculpted members of her family, including her father and one of her cousins.[1] Baden-Powell had started the Boy Scout movement, with a growing membership of boys throughout Great Britain, the United States, France, and Germany.[1] ] Girl Guides Baden-Powell’s sister Agnes had created a group for girls called Girl Guides.[1]:26 Low was interested in this movement, and created a troop in 1911 in Scotland.[1]:26 She taught them many of the skills she had learned from her grandmother, including first aid and cooking.[1]:28 On a trip back to the United States, both Low and Baden-Powell discussed the possibility of creating a Girl Guides group.[1]:28 Upon her return to her home in Savannah, she telephoned her cousin and urged her to rush over, announcing I’ve got something for the girls of Savannah, and all America, and all the world, we’re going to start it tonight![1]

Capitalism vs Communism Essay

Capitalism vs Communism Essay Communism and capitalism, the totally opposite systems, always fight, although the capitalism is a bit older than the communism.The most important ones of these fights date back to the Cold War.This war was between the countries of Warsaw Pact and the ones of NATO(North Atlantic Treaty Organization).Actually, the primary participants military forces never officially clashed directly, they expressed the conflict through military coalitions, strategic conventional force deployments, a nuclear arms race, espionage, proxy wars, propaganda, and technological competition, such as Space Race.All right, what are the differences between these two systems?They can be contrasted out in terms of the viewpoints about ecenomy and the social life. The viewpoints of these systems about the economy are totally different.The capitalist system uses the opinions of liberal economy policy. The most important person about this policy was Adam Smith.In his book The Wealth of Nations, he expressed that the free market, while appearing chaotic and unrestained, was actually guided to produce the right amount and variety of goods by so-called invisible hand.Smith made his laws about the economic system like the natural laws.According to him,the individuals by pursuing their own interest frequently promote the society more effectually than when they intend to promote it.This was the brief explanation of the invisible hand term and similar to food chains in an ecosystem.In free market system, individuals join the ecenomy as consumers, laborers, and investors.For example, as consumers, individuals influence production patterns through their purchase decisions, as producers they will change production in order to produce what is most profitab le.As laborers, individuals may decide which jobs to prepare for and in which markets to look for work.As investors, they decide how much of their income to save and how to invest their savings.These savings provide much of the money that businesses need to grow.All of these forms supply-demand and competition parts of the capitalist eceonomy.On the other hand, the communism system was set up on the Marxism ideology.Marx gave the importance to the labor and labor power.He named people who must sell their labor power as proleterians and ones who buy the labor power as capitalists.He observed that in practice every successful industry input unit-costs are lower than output unit-prices.Marx called the difference surplus value and argued that this had its source in surplus labor, the difference between what it costs to keep workers alive and what they can produce.At the same time, this value was the capitalists profit.In fact, this value was created by the proleterians labor-power.There fore it should belong to the laborer.Communism sort out this problem and suggests that people earn proportionally to their labor-power.It is totally against the individuals competition.On the contrary, it encourages the collectivism of labor.For instance, a professor can work as a construction worker for the building necessity of the country in order to shorten the building time.After Long Walk of Mao in 1949, China became an communist country.However Chinas communism was different from the others.China wasnt a country of Cold War and Maoism, Far East version of Marxism-Leninism, was used in this country.In addition to the laborer, agriculture and villagers are given great importance by Mao because the life in China was associated with the soil.As it is said in the journal New China and the Old : What China is able to do on top of that, which other capitalist countries cannot, is use the power of the State plan large projects and harness both private and public companies to achieve them, today China uses the power of seeming communism to become big capitalist.Their actual political system is now capitalism. In addition to viewpoints about economy, their perspectives about social life are totally different.The capitalism encourages the individualism. Competition is the main element of individualism.Each individual must be better than the others to earn his life as if he were an animal trying to survive in the wild nature.This leads bad emotions to spread out in the society, such as mistrust, outrage ,and discrimination.Another result of capitalism is consumerism.In capitalism, the social life is formed with respect to the principles of Consume-Obey-Die.People dont have enough time to think, and examine their lives.They are encouraged to consume without thinking what will happen as a result of their actions.This cause people become alienated from production.In other words, this led people to become unaware the things which they produce, why they produce these and the results of their actions.On the other hand, as it is said in the journal Cuba, change is in the air: Its like young people here are in a cocoon, preparing and preparing themselves until they can one day break free and fly away., there is a closed social structure life in the communist countries.In fact, this is not the real property of communism.The reason for this is the real communism will not exist unless the borders of countries are removed. The system which now exists in the communist countries is not real communism, it is the dictatorship of proleteriat.Collectivism is also another content of communism.Communism encourages collectivism against the individualism.In communism, there is no family life because it is viewed as the rest of feudalism.People live in the units named as commune.They eat food at the refectories and sleep in the dormitories. To sum up, communism and capitalism have some problems.The principles of capitalism is against the humanity which is formed by the things which distinguish a human from an animal.Capitalism leads to an idea which is that all the actions done in order to get money can be acceptable.Imperialism, the fundamental necessity to maintain capitalism, is the biggest enemy of the humanity.World War 1, the war in Iraq, and in Palestine and terrorism in Turkey are some examples of violonce created by imperialism.On the other hand, the viewpoint of communism about the family life is wrong.This also causes big restriction in human life.In the near future,there will be a system which is composite of capitalism and communism.In this system,the difference between the earnings of people will be very small ,and there will be family life not communes but there will be collectivism of labor.Imperialism will be no longer valid.The most important thing is that the children wont be killed in order to make p rofit.

Wireless Sensor System for Rugby Impact Assessment

Wireless Sensor System for Rugby Impact Assessment There is plenty of advantages in playing sports, whether it is for pure pleasure or professionally, however this can carry irreversible consequences. Any injury is bad news and later on life the damage tends to come back ten times worse than when the injury first occurred. The worst of injuries are the ones that can cause brain damage, like concussions, which are really common in contact sports such as rugby. Do practitioners calculate the risk every time they take part in the respective contact sport, or do they just think about the present moment and carry on? Do practitioners know the consequences of brain damage such as dementia and memory loss, or do they think that dislocating a knew or a shoulder are the worst injuries that can happen as it would prevent them from playing, can injuries be prevented or reduced or will the game always be dangerous, these are a couple of question that I have and hope accomplish in the end of this project. A survey elaborated by me, allowed me to acquire different answers from 100 practitioners of different contact sports and it proved that most people dont know fully the risks of playing contact sports. Throughout the years, the rate and severity of injuries in sports have drastically increased. Athletes tend to become bigger, faster and stronger. In contact sports such as rugby, boxing, American football, etc., athletes and enthusiasts risk their health and well-being exposing their bodies to the stress and injuries present in sports. This thesis is more focused on head injuries, concussions to be specific. Concussions or any brain damage tend to affect the athletes mostly later on in life, causing dementia, permanent headaches, dizziness, difficulty concentrating or completing tasks, irritability, anxiety, memory loss, the list goes on. Anyone that has ever played a sport and had an injury, is now more aware than before of the risks of playing whatever sport the person was playing when the injury occurred. Not that being aware is going to prevent injuries, but at least the practitioner wont be surprised when something unexpected happens or at least the practitioner will be in a position where he can decide if is really worth the risk. 1.1. Motivation As a sports enthusiast I have always been interested in sport, and I have always practiced sports. Summer of 2012 I started playing American football, I loved the rush of the game and the fact that I was so fast that they couldnt catch me. As months went by, the whole team was getting ready for the beginning of the season, everyone was becoming bigger, faster, and stronger, and therefore the impacts during collisions and tackles were becoming more taxable on the body. It was part of the routine to do an exercise we used to call Bull fight, where we knock heads against each other so we can get used to the impact. The first time I did this I felt dizzy, but as a teenager I didnt think much about it. First game of the season, I was getting ready to score my first ever touchdown, I got tackled. I was unconscious on the floor for two minutes, they said. I was taken to the local doctor for a quick check up to make sure everything was ok with me. The doctor said that I most definitely have had concussion. After I have done some research into the topic, I kind of realised the risk I was exposing myself too, every time I carried an American football. When we talk about American football, every contact sport serves as example and in this dissertation we will focus more on rugby. My main motivation to do this project is the fact that I believe that a major part of the population that practices sports, specifically contact sports, dont know the consequences on the long run of doing so. I hope that with the realisation of this project I can create an impact towards sports enthusiasts like myself, not in a way to make them give up on the sport, but at least they will be aware of their actions, and maybe adopt the use of safer gear when playing the sport, as most players dont use the equipment available like the rugby helmet. And my question are: Do athletes or enthusiasts really know what type of circumstances and risks they are exposing themselves to? And can this injuries be prevented or can the risk exposure be reduced? 1.2.Aims and objectives The dissertation will focus on the design and testing of a neck portable system capable and efficient at monitoring the linear and angular head acceleration, which has been described as a very efficient way of assessing the force impact that players go through during practice or a serious game, as shall be demonstrated during this thesis. The main aims of this project is to conduct background research on rugby injuries statistics, accelerometers and portable sensors, to find the best design for this project, implement and test it using an Arduino chip, to calibrate the system against involuntary accelerations, to investigate the portability, usability and applicability in rugby and other contact sports, and to demonstrate the collected results and visualisation. In order to conclude this project successfully a general insight will be acquired through background research. Therefore the section 2.1 will represent an in depth research about injuries in rugby, a comparison between youngsters, seniors and professional players, section 2.2 will explain the concepts related to accelerometers, different types of accelerometers, price ranges, advantages and disadvantages of each, section 3 will focus on   the importance of measuring the linear and angular head acceleration, section 4 will explain the two different types of interface, SPI and I2C, and detail the I2C interface as is the interface that is going to be used during this project, section 5 will demonstrate the design and implementation of the project by displaying pictures of the first prototype, and final project, the reason why such design was chosen and all the steps followed, finally the section 6 will demonstrate all the testing done in different scenarios, and respective result s of the prototype and the final project, all represented using, graphs and tables . Since the project is also an investigation on how efficient the project is going to be during a game or practice, some ideas and small tests will be carried out in the end. An equipment of this category, will be really useful in any contact sport, as it will provide important information to monitor the force exerted towards a head, and carry on further studies in the area of concussions and other brain damages that frequently occur in rugby players, or other athletes performing contact sports. It can also increase the attention towards adopting safer protective gear. 2.1 Rugby injuries Head injuries are really frequent in contact sports such as rugby, occurring more in situations like the scrum, head impacts on the floor, etc. The most common head injury is called concussion, however thats the most minor kind of head injury (Lava). A concussion occurs at 90 to 100 g-force, equivalent to a head impact of 20mph (Gorgens, 1). 65% of head injuries occurred in rugby are laceration, 17% concussions and 9% are fractures to the skull (Kaplan et al. 91). Due to the high chance of head injury, the RFU (Rugby Football Union) has found ways to prevent these unfortunate situations. Some of them being laws, regulations, guideline based on research evidence, concussion awareness, first aider and health care and professional player testing courses. Rugby Union is on a pinnacle of success and popularity (Edgar, 1995), this attracts the media, the media attracts the population, therefore the interest for the sport, practitioners, researches and experiments increase exponentially as well, placing more emphasis on finding ways to protect our athletes. A study carried out by UU at schools in Northern Ireland discovered a high rate of severe injury in rugby to rugby players in schools (Meredith, 2016). A total of 825 students from 28 different school teams participated in the study during 2014/2015, which resulted in 426 injuries, 204 of them resulting in an incapability of practicing the sport for an average of four weeks. One in four rugby players will suffer an injury, 55% of the injuries occur during a tackle, 78% of concussions specifically occur during a tackle, 13% are knee injuries, 7% hand injuries, 10% concussions, 11% ankle injuries, 10% shoulder ligament injuries and 5% shoulder dislocation. After calculating it reveals that it occurs three concussions per team. Young athletes are more vulnerable to concussion and may be affected by more complicated recovery times and higher risk of adverse outcomes. (Meredith, 2016). On 29 Of January of 2011 a drastically accident happened to a young player, 14 years old named Ben Robin son while playing rugby union for his school team. During the game he had three impacts to the head, on each impact he was taken off the field and put back, on the fourth impact he collapsed and died later on in the hospital (Bull, 2013). As cases like the death of Ben Robinson happen once in a while it will automatically increase the urgent increase for awareness, researches and solutions to this problem. Enforcing the laws of the game is definitely one, thats things like looking at the height of the tackle, ensuring that its interpreted properly, and teaching good tackling technique, (Bleakley, 2015). Some rules that could be applied would be in case of a brain injury like concussion the player shouldnt play for at least 30 days, like applied in boxing, the player shouldnt have to play under effect of pharmaceuticals to dont feel the damage caused by the injury suffered, among other rules. Rugby is the sport with highest risk of injury. It was stated that Paradoxically at the international level, where the game is fastest and most spectacular, evidence shows that fitness and experience considerably reduce the injury rate. (Addley and Farren, 1988), however a research carried out in English premiership academy and schools rugby union, concluded that the rate of injuries in academy and school youth rugby union and fairly lower than the rate of risks recorded for senior elite rugby union (Palmer-Green, Trewartha and Stokes, 2009). Personally I dont agree with the first statement, as the higher the level of the game, the higher the physical characteristics of the players and the faster the pace of the game, which increases the strength of collision involved. As the years go by, the rugby rules have been changing trying to create a safer way to play the game, however is still not good enough, It still a really high chance of injury by playing the sport. Is understandable if someone adult knows the risk of playing the game, accepts it and takes responsibility upon any consequences, but maybe anyone under 18 that is not capable of making the best decisions shouldnt play such an aggressive game or at least with not as much contact as they do. 2.2 Accelerometers An accelerometer senses positive and negative accelerations of a body. It works by sensing the acceleration of gravity and allows us as well based on the results produced, to calculate the direction of the acceleration. It uses the technology MEMS, that stands for Microelectromechanical systems, however thats the term used in the United States of America, In United Kingdom the term used is MST, that stands for microsystems technology (Maluf and Williams, 2004). MEMS are similar to an integrated circuit but they are mechanical. The technique used to make MEMS are the same as the technique used to make electronics, microfabrication, but instead its made small mechanical structures that can interface with electronics (Afrotechmods, 2014). Acceleration is the rate at which the velocity of a body changes with time (Nisticà ², 2013). Accelerometers can be used for different applications. They can be used for automotive applications such as airbags control, motion sensing, GPS, navigation. They can be used in seismometers, camera stabilization, to play games, smartphones, etc. 2.2.1 Sensing functions An accelerometer has six sensing functions: Movement covers motion control and general movement detection Fall identifies that a large impact is highly likely to happen. Can be used for motion control Tilt can be applied to mobile phones to detect whether is facing up or down, text scrolling, lcd projection, user interfacing, image rotating, camera stability, etc. Positioning requires more complex algorithms than the others. It can be used in a GPS and personal navigation Shock Can be used in situations of shipping and handling, car event data recorders and hard disk drive protection Vibration Mostly used in cases where high sensitivity and high frequency accelerometers are needed. Such as seismic activity monitors and acoustics For every situation there will be the best choice of accelerometer, as every range of acceleration has different applications. For example fault detection and tilt control is in the range of 1G to 2G, shock detection lands on the 2G to 8G range, vibration 8G to 10G range, an odometer 20G to 30G range, a car crash can range from 20G to 250G and a bullet can go up to 5000G (G. Ogden, 1895). When measuring free fall the values can be positive or negative, and for best results it requires a height of at least one meter. There is three types of freefall, linear, rotational and projectile. A linear freefall, is when there is a drop from certain height straight to the, a rotational freefall is the same as the linear freefall, however a spin or rotation is added to the travel of the body, the projectile freefall is when the body is thrown away, and it includes horizontal movement as well as a vertical movement and it will also have a small rotation (FarnellElectronics, 2011).When measuring the tilt, there is some things to take in consideration. The accelerometer needs to be mounted in a way so the axis of sensitivity is parallel to the surface used. The formula used to calculate the output is the follow: Vout = sensitivity of the accelerometer multiplied by 1G times the tilt of the angle plus the offset voltage of the accelerometer. The output can vary from -1G to 1G, and de tects angles from -90 to 90 degrees (FarnellElectronics, 2011). There is some considerations needed to be taken when measuring the position. First is the displacement, how far the accelerometer will be moving to detect the change in movement. The range of the device is really important. If its going to be tested on a person, is going to be produced a higher G force and requires an accelerometer that supports a higher G force range, If its going to be a very small change such as a mouse it requires an accelerometer with a really high sensitivity (CH Robotics, 2017). When measuring shock the biggest thing to consider is the G-range. The accelerometers uses the deceleration of the object to determine the shock, like tapping or a car crash. To measure the vibration, the closer the accelerometer is from the vibration source, the higher the G value (Morrow, 1974). For measure vibration the most important thig is the frequency of the vibration, the second thing to consider is the G range, similar to previous situations, for every application there will be a different type of accelerometer, and where the accelerometer is mounted will affect the readings as well. Below is represented on how the g force is spread through the axis: 2.2.2 Main types Between a DC- response accelerometer and an AC-response accelerometers, DC is the most recommended one as AC-response accelerometers cant measure static accelerations, slow vibrations or sustained accelerations due to being AC coupled. The main types of accelerometers are the ones listed below. Capacitive DC coupled. Produces an output based on capacitance changes. They are smaller and cheaper than the average accelerometer (Mineta et al. 431-435). They are mostly found in phones, gaming platforms (Wii, Xbox, etc) Piezo resistive DC coupled. Produces an output based on the resistance changes, under strain gauges that are part of the accelerometers seismic mass. Commonly used in shock events due to its high frequency range, amplitude and wide bandwidth (Partridge et al. 58-62). They are very accurate, as they can measure as low as 0 Hz, but they are not a good choice to test low frequency vibrations due to lack of sensitivity (Voldamn 2007). Piezoelectric AC coupled. Produces an output based on an electric charge proportional to the force suffered under acceleration. Mostly used for test and measurement roles, due to its high frequency, sensitivity and simplicity (Tian et al. 2). However because they are not DC coupled, is a bad choice in situations with high displacement or velocity as it cant detect low vibrations, or high acceleration levels. Below is listed in a resumed way the characteristics of each accelerometer. Application Piezoelectric Capacitive Piezo resistive Static acceleration G force Seismic Low frequency vibration General vibration High frequency vibration General shock High impact shock Extreme shock References   Addley, K and J Farren. Irish Rugby Injury Survey: Dungannon Football Club (1986-87).. British Journal of Sports Medicine 22.1 (1988): 22-24. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. Afrotechmods,. How An Accelerometer Works!. 2014. Web. 22 Feb. 2017. Bleakley, C. (2015). Research on youth rugby injuries in Northern Ireland. theBMJ, p.3. Bull, A. (2013). Death of a schoolboy: why concussion is rugby unions dirty secret. Theguardian, [online] pp.1-3. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2013/dec/13/death-of-a-schoolboy-ben-robinson-concussion-rugby-union [Accessed 22 Feb. 2017]. Edgar, M. (1995). Tackling rugby injuries. The Lancet, 345(8963), pp.1452-1453. FarnellElectronics, (2011). Low-g Accelerometers Part 1 Basic Knowledge of Accelerometers. [image] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=84tRSPNgbYs [Accessed 22 Feb. 2017]. Gorgens, Kim, University of Denver. Most Concussions Deliver 95 Gs, Neuropsychologist Says. ScienceDaily 2016: 1. Web. 11 Nov. 2016. G. Ogden, H. (1895). GRAVITY MEASUREMENTS. Science, [online] 1(21), pp.571-573. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1623694?seq=3#page_scan_tab_contents [Accessed 22 Feb. 2017]. Kaplan, Kevin et al. Rugby Inuries. Bulletin of the NYU Hospital 66.2 (2008): 91. Web. 11 Nov. 2016. Lava, Neil. Concussion: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments. WebMD Medical Reference. N.p., 2016. Web. 11 Nov. 2016. Maluf, Nadim and Kirt Williams. An Introduction To Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering. 1st ed. Boston, Mass. [u.a.]: Artech House, 2004. Print. Meredith, R. (2016). Schoolboy rugby: UU study finds high rate of severe injury. BBC News, [online] p.1. Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-northern-ireland-35636594 [Accessed 22 Feb. 2017]. Mineta, T et al. Three-Axis Capacitive Accelerometer With Uniform Axial Sensitivities. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 6.4 (1996): 431-435. Web. Morrow, C. (1974). Literature Review : Application of Bk eQuipment To Mechanical Vibration and Shock Measurements J. T. Brock. The Shock and Vibration Digest, 6(12), pp.86-87. Nisticà ², A. (2013). Working principle of a capacitive accelerometer. Palmer-Green, Dr Debbie, Dr Grant Trewartha, and Dr Keith Stokes. Report On Injury Risk In English Youth Rugby Union. Sport, Health Exercise Science, University of Bath, 2009. Web. 21 Feb. 2017. Tian, Bian et al. Design Of A Piezoelectric Accelerometer With High Sensitivity And Low Transverse Effect. Sensors 16.10 (2016): 2. Web. Using Accelerometers to Estimate Position and Velocity | CH Robotics. (2017). [online] Chrobotics.com. Available at: http://www.chrobotics.com/library/accel-position-velocity [Accessed 23 Feb. 2017]. Voldamn, Joel. A Capacitive Accelerometer. 2007. Lecture.

Experiment to Compare the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Experiment to Compare the Enthalpy Changes of Combustion of Different Alcohols Introduction: This plan will try to outline how the experiment of comparing changes of combustion of different alcohols will be conducted and what results are expected. Background When chemical reactions take place they are often accompanied by energy changes. Chemical reactions most frequently occur in open vessels. That is, they take place at constant pressure. Enthalpy refers to energy at constant pressure (volume may vary). Enthalpy: An example is best to illustrate to show enthalpy works. Methane - how much energy does its molecules contain? The first thing needed is the amount of methane present = 1 mole (16 g). What ever its value, the total amount of energy in a given amount of a substance (sometimes called the Heat energy content) is known as the enthalpy, denoted H. Methane is a fuel to get energy from it, react it with oxygen. CH4(g) + 2O2(g) CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) The above chemical equation shows that 2 moles (64 g) of oxygen molecules are required to burn 1 mole of methane. Again, it is impossible to know the total enthalpy (heat energy content) of the oxygen. Likewise, we can't know the total heat energy content of 1 mole of CO2 and 2 moles of H2O (the products). Enthalpy Change H = (HCO2 + 2HH2O) - (HCH4 + 2HO2) In general, H = Hproducts - Hreactants But remember, this is theoretical; it is not possible to determine the absolute value of the enthalpy of a chemical element or compound. However, H values for chemical reactions can be obtained. They can be measured experimentally, or calculated using Hess's Law (see later), or worked out in other ways. Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions When chemical reactions take place they are often accompanied by heat changes. The system (the reactants which form products) may give out heat to the surroundings, causing them to warm up. In this case the reactants have more stored energy (greater total enthalpy) than the products. Such chemical reactions are said to be exothermic. The system may take heat from the surroundings, causing them to cool down. In this case the reactants have less stored energy (less total enthalpy) than the products. Such chemical reactions are said to be endothermic. Exothermic reactions give out energy to the surroundings. Endothermic reactions take energy from the surroundings. Most reactions take place at constant pressure... It is possible to measure changes in heat energy that accompany chemical reactions. Most reactions take place in vessels that are open to the atmosphere, that is, they take place at constant pressure (volume may vary). The special name given to a change in heat energy content measured at constant pressure is enthalpy change.

Designing A Degree Essays -- Higher Education

A college major is one of the most crucial and influential decisions a person will make in his or her lifetime. This important choice has the power to determine what a person will do for the rest of their life. Students across the country are challenged by this task each and every year because they are not able to find a path of study that is compatible with their ideal career and favorable interests. Traditional majors are known for providing broad educations and producing well-rounded students that are ready and able to work in various jobs. However, today it is challenging to break into the work force. Students with more specific studies are finding greater success in their job search after college. For this reason, individualized studies programs have exploded across the country. Individualized studies are a create-your-own-major approach to education. These programs allow students to design and personalize their college education by combining courses from various areas of study. Individualized-studies students leave college with a unique major printed on their diploma. With the opportunity to create their own majors in college, students in individualized studies are receiving personalized educations and realizing their ideal jobs. Students base their college major choices on their interests. A study published in the College Student Journal, conducted to reveal information about students who are entering college, utilizes extensive research to identify the factors that influence students’ college major decisions. It is based upon the assumption that making â€Å"good† major choices is beneficial to the students. A â€Å"good† major is defined as one that helps students reach their post-education goals, as well as one that is compatibl... ... White River Junction, Vt.: Chelsea Green Pub., 2010. 108-128. Print. Larson, Simone. "Is creating your own major the best way to secure a job? ." COLLEGE. USA Today, 21 Apr. 2012. Web. 8 May 2012. . Samuels, Dorry. "New York UNIVERSITY." Teen Ink Nov. 2004: 38. www.teenink.com. Web. 8 May 2012. SHELLENBARGER, SUE. "Can't Pick a College Major? Create One - WSJ.com." Business News & Financial News . The Wall Street Journal, 17 Nov. 2010. Web. 8 May 2012. Singletary, Michelle. "Not all college majors are created equal." Business. The Washington Post, 14 Jan. 2012. Web. 8 May 2012..

Running Head: Airline Industry

Globalisation of world economies is forcing countries and companies alike to improve their competitiveness in the global market. This being the case, the American airlines industry is set for a shake-up given that thee sector is heavily shielded from external competition by the American government (Marketplace, 2008).This is because the ever increasing demand for national and international travel is creating bigger markets for airlines that can efficiently meet travellers needs, something that American companies become disadvantaged. In order to position themselves better in the global market, global airlines have been merging in order to take advantage of economies of scale and increase connectivity among their routes (Haran, 2008).The biggest merger so far has been between the Holland based KLM and the Paris   based Air France. With regard to American airline companies, the government has protected the industry for too long such that they are loosing out on the good fortunes that have befallen the industry. As a contribution to the debate of current trend in the Unites States' airline industry, this paper shall concentrate on the recent merger indications between several US based airlines that were sparked by Delta and Northwest Airlines.The first section shall deal with the current situation in the industry, the second with the increasing need to open the industry to internal and global competition, and the third section, with reasons behind the current merger trend between within US Aniline companies. The sections shall be followed by a conclusion listing all the microeconomic issues discussed in the paper.Current State of the IndustryThe US airline industry has for long been an oligopolistic market dominated by several airlines. However, the increasing entry of budget airline in the industry has given the bigger players a run for their money, meaning that oligopolistic traits are increasingly being replaced by the competitive characteristics.The bigger a nd old players in the market face the headache of dealing with ageing aircraft that need constant repair (George, 2008). This means that costs of production has been increasing with rime, as the planes get older. Secondly, these big players find themselves being captive of labor unions representing employees, some of whom have operated with the airlines for decades. These kinds of increases in the cost of their operating mean that consumers of their services would pay more for travel.Contrary, budget airlines find themselves with newer aircraft that do not require constant repairs, reason being that they are relatively new in the market. In this regard, the budget airlines are able to operate at lower costs and therefore charge competitive fares for their services, much to the detriment of bigger and well established players.Budget airlines are less affected by union demands. In addition, the older airlines have for many years invested in other facilities whose maintainable increase s the cost of operating their businesses, which further means that budget airlines would continue   to out-compete their well established rivals.

Ethics and Law in Cyps

Te Tohu Paetahi Nga Poutoko Whakarara Oranga Bachelor of Social Work (Biculturalism in Practice) YEAR ONE COVER SHEET Please complete ALL parts of this form and submit with each assignment. Akonga Names| Sanjida Pathan| Akonga IDs| 200021986| Paper Code| WHASW 513. 2| Paper Title| Te Whakakoha Rangatiratanga: Te Ture (Social Work and Law)| Markers| Glenys Daley, Olive Leonard and Huhana Reihana|I hereby declare the following: * I wrote the assignment myself * I researched the material myself * I sourced the material legitimately * I understood the due date * I understand the policy of resubmission * I understand that my work may be used for moderation * I have taken responsibility for keeping a copy of my work * I accept the consequences of non-compliance of all the above| Akonga Signature: Sanjida Pathan Date: 29. 9. 12 Electronic Signature is acceptable Te Whakakoha Rangatiratanga: Te Ture (516. 2) Social Work and Law Assignment Two Define the ethical and legal frameworks that fash ion the practice of the organisation you have researched. Explain whether or not these frameworks link with takepu. Name: Sanjida Pathan| | Excellence| Merit| Achieved| NYA|Nga Rarangi KoreroContent| 17 – 20 * A systematic, detailed & reasoned assessment * Substantive exploration of issues and strengths * Some critical analysis * Principled theoretical analysis shown * Effective questioning * Effective listening skills | 14 – 17 * A reasonably balanced assessment * Main issues explored * Adequate content * Some points not adequately developed * Some good questions * Some good listening| 10 – 13 * Kaupapa not fully covered * Some points confused or not adequately developed * Overuse of quotes * Adequate but with flaws * Adequate communication |

Democracy and Best Form

1. Democracy represents the views and notions of all the citizens of the country, whether majorities or minorities.2. It helps in solving conflicts and quarrels in a better way.3. It provides a dignity to the people.4. It helps in realising one's mistakes and improving upon them.5. There is no other form of government or an lternative better than a democracy. Yes democracy is the best form of government.Democracy is the best form of government simply because no other form of government is known to work well. Democracy may have it's flaws but all in all it works very fluidly. Socialism, for example, does not even come close to the best form of government. One can easily see this in Greece's current state. Democracy has never led to complete government disorder like one can see Socialism does. DEMOCRACY is the best form of govt.Yes democracy is the best form of govt. It grants us many things. 1.Right to speech. 2.Right to information. 3.Right to vote and etc.It represents each and ever y citizen equally whether you are poor or you are rich. In a monarchy or dictatorship no one can say or present their point of view. They have to follow what a single man says but in democracy we have been granted by RIGHT TO SPEECH. Democracy is the best form of governmentAs democracy means rule of people †¦ That is of the people for the people and by the people. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives. 1. Democracy represents the views and notions of all the citizens of the country, whether majorities or minorities. 2. It helps in solving conflicts and quarrels in a better way. 3. It provides a dignity to the people.4. It helps in realising one's mistakes and improving upon them. 5. There is no other form of government or an alternative better than a democracy. democracy is the best form of governmentDemocratic states nearly always have freer people than autocratic states. T hey obviously have the right to vote for their government so by extension deciding the policy of their nation and what their nation should be like. They have more freedom of speech and expression than in autocracies. In particular they are free to criticize their own government. Democracy is the best form of governmentAs democracy means rule of people †¦ That is of the people for the people and by the people. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives. Democracy is the best form of government simply because no other form of government is known to work well. Democracy may have its flaws but all in all it works very fluidly. Some plus points of having a democratic form of government:- 1. Freedom2. Democracy represents the views and notions of all the citizens of the country, whether majorities or minorities. 3. It helps in solving conflicts and quarrels in a better way. 4. It provi des a dignity to the people.5. Democracy allows various people to rule the country through the representatives. 6. It also allows people to express themselves clearly and freely. 7. It Respects & promotes Human Rights 8. In this form of government all people are equal before the law. 9. Democracy is the only form of government where the people can voice their opinion. 10. In my view there is no other alternative form of government better than a democracy.Freedom for peopleDemocracy allows various people to rule the country through the representatives . It allows people to express themselves clearly and freely. People and media criticize the ruling party without any censorship unlike autocracy where there is a limit on people's power of speech. People have the right to protest,celebrate and freely express themselves .I am currently doing a debate on this topic, and I do agree with this question because a democratic government represents the people. It gives the people an equal say by voting for different properties of the nation/state in which they live. No other form of government has been proven better. Democracy represents allWell, we all know the best form of government where every group gets it equal representation and equal chance of winning is democracy. Every citizen has the right to vote on their own. It gives complete freedom of expressing one's feeling on who would they want to be governed by. In the end nobody wants to be enslaved.In the end everyone wants to have control over their own life. As long as people aren't robots, they will crave democracy and freedom, as they should. It is also true the Democracies tend to do better because some of the people in it will seek to advance themselves and that will lead to innovation and growth. You don't get the same effect with other countries where thinking for yourself is sometimes punishable by death. Fundamental characteristics of democracySeparation of powers: The legislative, executive and the judicia ry operate independently without any interference of one of the others Rule of law: Every one is equal in the eye of the law.As I would not be a slave, so I would not be a master. This expresses my idea of democracy. Freedom and liberty in Democratic form of Government Democracy is the only form of government where the people can voice their opinions, whereas in other forms of government such as Monarchy, the law making is rested in the hands of the king who is considered most superior.In democracy we have the freedom to reside in any town or village of the country, have the freedom to select occupation of choice, raise voices, organize protests and rallies, etc. Thus Democracy is the best form of government and can be applied to all the spheres of life. Yes democracy is bestDemocracy is a form of govt. in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in decisions that effect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally either directly or through elected representatives in the proposal, development, and creation of laws.Democracy by definition is a political system in which supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them. Yes it is the best form of governmentAs democracy means rule of people †¦ That is of the people for the people and by the people. Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Democracy allows eligible citizens to participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. It encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of political self-determination.Yes it is Democracy is the best form of government because it is for the people by the people with the people. In this form of government people elect their own representatives through voting or elections. In this government if people are not happy with the government they can remove it from power by not voting them in the next elections.Support people's rights In a democratic country a person is respective. In a democratic country like India, our govt. Has provided fundamental rights. But in a non- democratic country no basic rules are provided. We can move freely in our country or a person can express his or her opinion. We can change our govt when it doesn't work.Support people rights In a democratic country a person is respective. In a democratic country like India, our govt. has provided fundamental rights. But in a non-democratic country no basic rules are provided. We can move freely in our country or a person can express his or her opinion. We can change our govt when it doesn't work.Yes it is I am currently doing a debate on this topic, and I do agree with this question because a democratic government represents the people. It gives the people and equal say by voting for different properties of the nation/state in which they live. No other form of government has been proven better and its gives freedom to the people but with boundaries. So therefore, democracy is the best form of government! Represents the peopleThe biggest virtue of Democracy is that it is government by the people for the people. The government represents the views of the people who elect them and can throw them out if the government does things that the people do not like. Unlike other forms of government democracy is about the little man, everyone rather than the elite that are often disconnected from how everyone else lives their lives. i think democracy is niceYes I feel that it is because it allows us the freedom to choose. The majority of our country is allowed to choose what they feel is best for them. It is not just one person deciding what they think is best for everyone else. Democracy will always win out over other forms of government.Yes democracy is the best form of government. Democracy is the best form of government simply because no other form of government is known to work well. Democracy may have it's flaws but all in all it works very fluidly. Socialism, for example, does not even come close to the best form of government. One can easily see this in Greece's c urrent state. Democracy has never led to complete government disorder like one can see Socialism does.Best Option overall If we can't elect who we want the what kind of world are we. I now sometimes democracies can be corrupt but so can monarchies. If the people do not like their king then you have to fight a war to kick him out of power. So democracy is best Democracy represents unity1. Democracy shows to the citizens that the government cares about them and their opinons.2. The citizen's voices and opinions can be heard3. It gives us the right to vote and the right of knowledge4. It promotes equality to the rich AND poor5. It gives other's the chance to become president or prime minister, or such. In a monarchy, it is simply passed down through generations to come. Oh yes alwaysYes it is The very clichà ©d definition of a democracy- it is of the people for the people and by the people. This means that it functions not only for the people but also for their benefits as the people are the rulers and they can understand each others necessities. Also in the other forms of government whether it be anarchy or monarchy, people are coerced with laws and rules they may not want to follow but just have to bare with it which created anger and disharmony for instance in the case of Syria rebellion. There is also no constitution which guarantees the people certain human rights and they cannot even use it as a living document. Thus it is somewhat not a good form of government. However in democracy one can voice out their own opinions and views as it guarantees freedom of speech, action an the list goes on . Thus democracy is the best form of governmentYes I do It's really fair, and in that way, your voices are heard!!!!) Everybody in countries like America and Australia are happy, because there is a democracy, and they get a vote.Also, the votes of the minority are counted too, and people are free to do anything. Other forms of government aren't that productive, while de mocracy is. I have no headingDemocracy is the best form of government. People want freedom, and with  democracy, that’s what they’ll get. This government respects people and their rights. It also promotes them. It is based off of the discussions and opinions of the people. It is important that the people can control the government. An autocratic government could create laws that have nothing to do with the current situation that the country is in and the citizens wouldn’t be able to do anything about it.Yes it isThe best form of the government because it is according to the nature of the man.A man wants to be free and want to express his thoughts what democracy provides.Unlike monarchy or anarchy system which are against the nature of a man and according to that systems a man become just like a slave who have to follow the orders of the KING or QUEEN.One of the Best Democracy can be called the best form but still it is far better than the other forms of the government. Every one has the right to express himself, people have right of freedom in various sense. Anyone would like to be free and this is what provided by the democracy. Democracy is the bestIn some places, people believe that is not the best. However it is the best because the government cannot do whatever, they still have to follow some laws, and almost everything is voted on. Whenever a vote is taken it is won by majority rules, so the public has a say in everything that goes on with the government. Obviously it isWith a Democracy we can elect people who have similar views as us instead of trusting a king or queen. Yes their are flaws in Democracy but no government is perfect. At least with democracy we have a way to express our thoughts by peaceful protests because, in other countries its against the law to protest.Yes, best form Democracy as defined, is Govt of the People For the P eople By the People. So it's for the people who are given all the rights to choose their leaders, enjoy freedoms as of Expression, Religion, Movement, holding their leaders accountable for the decisions they make on their behalf in governance etc. It's simply the best form of govt because in monarchy and other types of govt the citizenry don't enjoy such privileges.Best form of government Nowadays, there is no ideology with any political party. A majority of the political leaders in our country have become corrupt and selfish. They never care the fact that they are the representatives of the public and they have some duties towards them. Once elected, they forget their promises, which they make at the time of election. Yes it isBecause we get the right to choose the government of our own choice we can do everything . A democratic country is a well developed

A Poetry Analysis on Modern Love

Modern Love George Meredith â€Å"Modern Love. † The term brings to mind the changing dynamic of today's society. This change has been present for decades and continues on to this day. In George Meredith's poem he illiterates the negative impact of this change in a case that could encompass so many couples; the pain of a loveless marriage. Through his use of diction, and metaphor Meredith show the pain and heartache of two people being so close, yet so emotionally distant. Similar essay: How to be Old Poem AnalysisThe first line of the poem begins the dark theme (By this he knew she wept with waking eyes), showing how the husband has seen his wife's suffering; as well as painting a memorable picture through the use of alteration. The alteration serves another purpose as well. It's smooth deliverance shows just how used to the situation the husband is to his wife's tears. In line 2 we see just how helpless the husband is to help, his hand â€Å"quivers† out of nervousness, and in line 3 we see the extent of the wife's sobs (Shook their common bed).The dark selection of diction continues as metaphors are employed in lines 5&6 (And strangled mute, like little gaping snakes, dreadfully venomous to him). The truly telling word in these lines is â€Å"Strangled,† this extremely active verb implies force. This describes the situation of any willfully married wife during the time the poem was written. They had little choice in not only their husb and, but also in the lifestyle handed to the by that husband, not to mention that divorce during this time period was early unheard of.The next lines hint at the wife's feeling of death, (â€Å"Stone-still†) showing her complete hopelessness at the situation imposed on her. Lines 8-12 have the same dark imagery (â€Å"Pale drug of silence†, â€Å"Sleep's heavy measure†, â€Å"move-less†, â€Å"Dead black years†), but those same images fit into another, larger image. The author uses them to describe her â€Å"Giant heart of memories and tears. † Meredith clearly shows the long lasting nature of the wife's pain, as well as the multitude of sleepless nights that all weigh against her heart.The only relief from the torture is presented in â€Å"Sleep's Heavy Measure. † The choice of the word â€Å"effigies† could possibly be the most significant of the entire work. Effigies are stone representations of a person, normally used only after death. The image of death is repeated in the 15th and 16th lines as well, (Upon their marriage-tomb, the sword between; Each wishing for the sword that severs all) these lines are used to show the reader several things. First, the emotional death of the parties involved, second the death of the marital bond, and third the longing for literal death.Meredith's choice of words and formulation of metaphors steer the reader away from the bright connotations of love and into the darker feelings that society in the Victorian era was happy to ignore. His work was very nearly satirical in nature, it challenged the social conventions of marriage at the time and began to show how both parties in a marriage were both influence by, and responsible for the health of a marriage. The true feeling and innate sadness in the poem comes from not only the lack of love and affection, but also the torture of conforming to the standers of the day.

Lesson Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lesson Plan - Assignment Example Proper addressing of these objectives enable learners be in a position to write short stories that are not only complete but also creative. Secondly, teaching students on proper editing skills will result to the learners applying them effectively on their writing. Finally, learners will be in a position to write brief contents that are of high quality, this is due to their comprehension of the difference between quality writings and quantity. Since writing an outstanding mini saga requires a lot of creativity, I will ensure that I psychologically prepare the students for the lesson. First, I will introduce the topic by writing the word â€Å"Saga† on the board before asking students if they have any prior knowledge of the term. After informing them that a Saga is a long story normally comprising of heroic events or something dramatic, I will proceed to state that the day’s lesson will not be on â€Å"saga† but â€Å"mini saga†, an implication that it will be brief. Once the class is aware of the day’s lesson, I will start by first defining the term Mini saga as a brief form of writing, normally has exactly fifty words excluding the title. The fifty word mini saga comprises of three sections, which are beginning, middle and end. I will then state a brief history of the mini saga by stating that Brian Aldiss is the man behind this form of writing. The main reason why Aldiss came up with the mini saga form of writing is that according to him, telling a story in a few words not only was it fun but also a challenging experience (â€Å"British Council†). After ensuring the class has full knowledge on the term mini saga, I will begin the lesson teaching them on how to come up with an appropriate and magnificent mini saga. Learners will participate in a classroom discussion where they will display their writing and editing skills.

Violence in the Binding of Isaac Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Violence in the Binding of Isaac - Essay Example And while there is the aspect of child abuse as background story, we cannot deny the fact that it is overshadowed by violence and that gamers want to play not because they want to see why and how Isaac was being abused but to be able to go to Isaac’s violent imaginary world (Giantbomb Website), If the designer wanted to use his game to inform people about child abuse, I must admit that he succeeded and I admire him for it. But the point here is that the game, while opening the gamers’ eyes on child abuse, seems to teach that violence is the answer. Isaac, on being pushed to a corner resorts to imagining himself in violent situations where he must win in order to get a prize and feel good. And as a gamer is elevated to another level, he will again battle his way to get out of that level. While it is true that the game was created for adults, children today have easy access to computers and when unsupervised, they can get access to, and play this adult game. The designer, in using child abuse as the main story in the game and violence as an answer to forget pain, unwittingly encourages gamers to accept violence as just. The danger of such video games is that we never know if and when a player will soon be so absorbed that his sense of justice and what is right and wrong will be so muddled that there will come a time when he will unintentionally cross the

Thought Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Thought Paper - Essay Example â€Å"The general terms "high context" and "low context" (popularized by Edward Hall) are used to describe broad-brush cultural differences between societies† (Beer). These are the things that we discuss in the next section. High context societies or groups are observed to have close connections over a long period of time. In this context, we see that â€Å"many aspects of cultural behavior are not made explicit because most members know what to do and what to think from years of interaction with each other† thus a family is a fit example for this (Beer). On the other hand, â€Å"low context refers to societies where people tend to have many connections but of shorter duration or for some specific reason. In these societies, cultural behavior and beliefs may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming into the cultural environment know how to behave† (Beer). Conflict resolution will differ according to the level of context the group has. Conflict in a low context group might might resort to adherence to certain rules in resolving conflict. This means a strict or rigid written rule. On the other hand, conflict in a high context group such as the family, can be resolved with under standing and patience. This does not necessitate an arbiter or a written code but patient and compassionate understanding of others’ faults. The key concepts, such as honor, shame and saving face will also differ across cultures. Honor can be of varying level according to culture. For some like the Japanese, authorities are regarding with highest honor so that submission easily follows from the subordinates. More liberal countries such as America or even the Third World country such as the Philippines encourage citizen’s freedom thus authorities are ostracized such as done during mass rally and political revolution. Resolving with authorities in a culture such as Japan would necessitate paying much honor to the authorities. On the other hand, â€Å"shame is a common form of

NEW ECONOMIC POWERS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

NEW ECONOMIC POWERS - Assignment Example These are some of the most sought after names in the business world, and since their populations are dense, they are able to come ahead with little ease as a great amount of cheap labor is available - this allows China, India and Brazil to depict success. Export orientation definitely depends on a nation’s stage of development since it suggests the kind of imports coming in and exports going out of its shores (Sibanda, 2011). However, this requires a great amount of persistence and effort by the governments of these countries because they are the ones who decide the relevant course of action that has to be adopted within these lands. In essence, these countries are doing all that they can to make sure that their economic progress comes about in an easy manner, without much difficulty (Quer, 2010). Export orientation is inherently a powerful approach because it sets the ball rolling for bringing an upheaval within the economic settings and allows the people to understand that t hey must connect globally rather than remaining locally

Cinematic Comparison & Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cinematic Comparison & Analysis - Essay Example The character of Shylock is that of a Jewish money lender who has been mistreated and misunderstood by the Christian community, particularly by the character Antonio. Shylock’s character stands out because in spite of his ridiculous demand at extracting revenge from Antonio, his character appears to have a great deal of depth. As the plot unfolds, the audience cannot help but feel sad of him as Shylock is a person who has been stereotyped and hurt by his daughter’s betrayal. According to Burnett et al. although the character of Shylock appears only in five out of nineteen scenes in the play, it is his role that captures the most attention. Al Pacino’s execution of the character is as close to perfection as any actor in today’s times could possibly achieve. The character appears to be an individual with an unkempt beard, who walks with a slight limp. Shylock’s role is that of a Jew, whose character can display a variation of emotions and impeccable d ialogue delivery. Much Ado about Nothing cast comprises of a lot of big names that include Oscar winners Emma Thompson and Denzel Washington as Don Pedro, lead villain. The character of Don Pedro is that of the Prince of Aragon, of all the characters in the film, his appears to be most unpredictable. Unlike Shylock’s character that the audience ends up sympathizing with, in spite of the good intentions of Don Pedro, his character fails to attract positive attention. This character is that of a noble man who meddles in the love lives of two other characters in the film. Although the character appears to interfere with good intentions for his friend, the character ends up appearing as manipulative and one that exploits his authority. Although Denzel is a marvelous actor ad executed the lines well, in my opinion this role was not meant for him. Two Historical and Cinematic Adaptations We would consider the two different versions of the same play by Shakespeare â€Å"Merchant of Venice†. Michael Radford’s directorial eye tries to capture the Venetian setting of the sixteenth century. The film depicts the historically beautiful and watery landscape of Venice; the setting depicts brothels and courtesans as the integral part of the entertainment of the Christian society (Pittman, 2007). The film depicts a very racist society, where there are gates in the city to separate the Jews from the Christians who cannot cordially coexist. It is also noticeable that the director wants to identify Shylock as someone who is very particular about finances. He lays slight emphasis on this, when Shylock puts on his glasses while reading ledgers or calculating finances, which is does not appear to have use of in any other scenes. Kenneth Branagh’s Much Ado about Nothing is focused more towards generalization, where costumes, sets and props could belong to any period from 1700 to 1900s. The director has attempted to provide a fairy-tale setting to the film, which was shot in Tuscany Italy with her magical landscape which has not been touch by the modernization for present times (Kenneth Branagh). Two points of view in the Film Michael Radford in his interview with Cynthia Fuchs promoted his movie by suggesting that â€Å"†¦ you have the capacity in movies to bring things alive in ways you just can't in the theater.† The main point of view propagated in the film is the utter mockery of the double standards of the Venetian society of the time in a humorous fashion. The stereotyping of Jews can be

Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 33

Business Law - Essay Example In circumstance 1 (c), private and criminal law suits are involved. They serve a purpose of guaranteeing personal freedoms. This is because carrying guns in public is meant to enable the licensed individuals to secure the freedom of ownership of their assets such as money and cars while in public places. Moreover, violation of the terms of use of their guns leads to disputes between them and their governments. Lastly, in circumstance 1 (d), private and civil laws are involved. They serve the purpose of ensuring social justice. This is because disputes arising between potential employees and their employers would be addressed by private law. Moreover, the civil law ensures that all individuals enjoy equal economic rights hence deserving equal consideration during hiring (Browne et.al, 2). In scenario 2, precedent refers to a principle that had been established in a previous legal case that is persuasive to a court judge when deciding subsequent cases with similar facts. On the other hand, stare decisis refers to the act of abiding to the decided cases (Browne et.al, 4). Precedent will help the judge in deciding whether to close the different business for similar instances of misconduct through examining the applicability of the previously established rule in the current scenario. Correlation between the current and the previous cases will influence the judge to abide by the established rule. As a businessperson, knowledge of case law relevant to my business would help me make decisions regarding a shift of my business location. In scenario 3 (a), historical school of thought would help the judge to recognize the gay partner as a surviving spouse. The school of thought considers past principles established on a particular case to be influential in deciding the current case. Therefore, since there are other States that consider gay partners as surviving spouses the judge can also decide to follow suit. On the other hand,

Why are people scared and why people dont want to go to doctors Research Paper

Why are people scared and why people dont want to go to doctors - Research Paper Example Regardless of the disease, timely diagnosis and treatment are vital to achieve the desired health outcomes (Storla, Yimer & Bjune 15). More often than not, the map of the problem looks as if patients have some inherent emotional or mental disorder that prevents them visiting their physicians on time. In reality, the situation is quite different, and it is not patients’ fault that they cannot reach the doctor on time. It is because of problems with medical care, failure to provide safe and painless medical manipulations, and speak with patients adequately and comprehensively that individuals develop the fear of medicine and refuse to visit their physicians on time. To begin with, the quality of medical care by itself becomes a serious barrier to accessing and using health care. Modern life is very active and people prefer to turn to their urgent responsibilities than to sit and wait until the doctor is free to receive the next patient. Patients do not want to go to doctors, because they expect they will need to wait hours, before they get to the needed specialist. Waiting times remain a serious problem in today’s health care, and few patients are willing to spend hours in the waiting line. As a result some patients fail to visit a doctor even after spending much time near his room, because the doctor has to go home as his working day is over. This situation is not acceptable at all and serious measures should be taken. â€Å"Time spent waiting is a resource investment by the patient for the desired goal of being seen by the physician and therefore may be moderated by the outcome† (Anderson, Camacho & Balkrishnan 31). However, how much is much and how much is enough to sit waiting for the physician? It is like waiting for hours in the Hopkins Gynecology Clinic: â€Å"The public wards at Hopkins were filled with patients, most of them black and

Project Planning Flow Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project Planning Flow - Assignment Example The primary key to the success of a project lies in the thorough technical understanding of its main characteristics and goals as this will eventually facilitate the production of the project report and the meeting of the schedule(Lewis 45). The most important key to successful and effective project management is through planning. A logically constructed and orderly plan is essential to direct any type of project and to help in preparing a report from conception through completion. The key to good planning is in its turn founded on clearly defined project objectives. Project planning can begin with the identification of the client's needs, the development of a budget and work schedule that fit these needs, and the planning for resources, including staff and materials. Project Planning Flow A project manager's planning process begins with the full comprehension of the assumptions. The understanding of the assumptions is important given how the expectations for the final results of the project are based on the initial suppositions made. Furthermore, changing assumptions throughout the project can bring about lack of satisfaction about the final results among the senior management; a scenario that is rather frequent in the project management field. Therefore, and despite the fact that project length remains a critical factor in the eventual extent of satisfaction exhibited with regard to the final results, assumptions should be documented at project initiation and throughout using the project charter as a possible means. The project manager should from then on continue to challenge and revalidate the assumptions to ensure that the project is either redirected towards a different set of objectives or simply terminated fully in the event of changing assumptions. Among the assumptions that need to be considered are related to both enterprise environmental factors as well as organizational process assets. Assumptions related to the external environment, and which can affect any given project and should be therefore taken well into account, include for instance interest rates, changing customer demands and requirements, technology changes, market conditions, and even government policies. The assumptions about present or future company aspects which can impact the progress of a project include on the other hand the capability of a company's enterprise project management methodology, checklists, guidelines, forms, templates, and the project management information system. Other keys to effective project planning include the right sampling of the most effective people for the job. In fact, this is in many ways one of the most important first steps in building a human resource plan for one's organization or project. As a project manager you need therefore to determine the desired background of your team by setting up certain standards and requirements. This can include for example a specific amount of experience, knowledge and skills, the availability of the team and the ability of the assembled members to work well within a team environment. These set of standards will generally help in minimizing the number of possible candidates and the selection of the appropriate ones. Additionally, among the important considerations in building a project team is to establish the